1. Fa'aaogā fa'avasegaga

E tusa ai ma uiga faʻaoga eseese o palasitika eseese, e masani ona vaevaeina palasitika i ituaiga e tolu: palasitika lautele, palasitika inisinia ma palasitika faʻapitoa.

①Palasitika lautele

E masani lava ona faasino i palasitika ma le tele o galuega faatino, lautele talosaga, lelei formability ma tau maualalo.E lima ituaiga o palasitika lautele, e taʻua o le polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) ma le acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS).O nei ituaiga e lima o palasitika o loʻo faʻamatalaina mo le tele o mea faʻapipiʻi palasitika, ma o isi mea e mafai ona faʻavasegaina i ituaiga palasitika faʻapitoa, e pei o: PPS, PPO, PA, PC, POM, ma isi, o loʻo faʻaaogaina i oloa i aso uma. e itiiti lava, e masani lava E faʻaaogaina i tulaga maualuga e pei o le inisinia faʻainisinia ma tekinolosi puipuiga a le atunuʻu, e pei o taavale, aerospace, fausiaina, ma fesoʻotaʻiga.E tusa ai ma lona faʻavasegaina o palasitika, e mafai ona vaevaeina palasitisi i thermoplastics ma thermosetting plastics.I lalo o tulaga masani, e mafai ona toe faʻaaogaina oloa vevela, ae le mafai ona toe faʻaaogaina mea faʻapipiʻi vevela.E tusa ai ma mea faʻapitoa o palasitika, e mafai ona vaevaeina i latou i le manino, translucent ma opaque raw material, e pei o PS, PMMA, AS, PC, ma isi mea faʻapipiʻi manino , Ma o le tele o isi palasitika o palasitika opaque.

Meatotino ma fa'aoga o palasitika e masani ona fa'aogaina:

1. Polyethylene:

O le polyethylene masani e mafai ona vaevaeina i le polyethylene maualalo (LDPE), polyethylene maualuga (HDPE) ma le laina laina maualalo polyethylene (LLDPE).I totonu o le tolu, o le HDPE e sili atu le vevela, eletise ma mea faʻainisinia, ae o le LDPE ma le LLDPE e sili atu le fetuutuunai, mea e aʻafia ai, mea e fai ai ata, ma isi. LDPE ma le LLDPE e masani ona faʻaaogaina i ata afifiina, ata faʻatoʻaga, suiga palasitika, ma isi. , ae o le HDPE o loʻo i ai le tele o faʻaoga, e pei o ata tifaga, paipa, ma tui e manaʻomia i aso uma.

2. Polypropylene:

E tusa ai ma le tautalaga, o le polypropylene e tele ituaiga, sili atu ona lavelave faʻaoga, ma le tele o faʻalapotopotoga.O ituaiga e aofia ai le homopolymer polypropylene (homopp), poloka copolymer polypropylene (copp) ma random copolymer polypropylene (rapp).E tusa ai ma le talosaga o le Homopolymerization e masani ona faʻaaogaina i le fanua o le tusi uaea, fiber, tui, BOPP ata, ma isi. Copolymer polypropylene e masani ona faʻaaogaina i totonu ole fale meafale vaega tui, faʻaleleia mea mata, oloa tui i aso uma, paipa, ma isi, ma faʻafuaseʻi. polypropylene e masani ona faʻaaogaina i oloa manino, oloa maualuga, paipa maualuga, ma isi.

3. Polyvinyl chloride:

Ona o lona tau maualalo ma le mu-mu o le tagata lava ia meatotino retardant, o loʻo i ai le tele o faʻaoga i totonu o le fale faufale, aemaise lava mo paipa paipa, palasitika faitotoa uʻamea ma faamalama, ipu, paʻu paʻu, ma isi.

4. Polystyrene:

I le avea ai o se ituaiga o mea mataʻutia manino, pe a iai se manaʻoga mo le manino, o loʻo i ai le tele o faʻaoga, e pei o moli moli, vaega manino i aso uma, ipu manino, apa, ma isi.

5. ABS:

Ose palasitika fa'ainisinia fa'ainisinia fa'atasi ai ma tulaga fa'ainisinia fa'aletino mata'ina ma le vevela.E faʻaaogaina lautele i meafale, panels, masks, assemblies, accessories, etc., aemaise lava mea faigaluega fale, e pei o masini fufulu, ea malulu, pusaaisa, eletise eletise, ma isi. E matua tele ma e tele le faʻaogaina i totonu suiga palasitika.

②Inisinia palasitika

E masani lava ona faasino i palasitika e mafai ona tatalia se malosi mai fafo, e iai ni mea faʻainisinia lelei, maualuga ma maualalo le vevela, ma maua ai le mautu lelei, ma e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e avea ma fausaga faʻainisinia, e pei ole polyamide ma polysulfone.I palasitika inisinia, e vaevaeina i ni vaega se lua: palasitika fa'ainisinia lautele ma fa'ainisinia fa'apitoa.E mafai e palasitika faʻainisinia ona faʻamalieina manaʻoga maualuga e tusa ai ma mea faʻainisinia, tumau, faʻafefete, ma le vevela, ma e sili atu ona faigofie ona faʻagasolo ma mafai ona sui mea uamea.Inisinia palasitika o loʻo faʻaaogaina lautele i le eletise ma le eletise, taʻavale, fausiaina, meafaigaluega ofisa, masini, aerospace ma isi pisinisi.O le suia o le palasitika mo le sila ma le palasitika mo laupapa ua avea ma tulaga faʻavaomalo.

O palasitika faʻainisinia lautele e aofia ai: polyamide, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, suia polyphenylene eter, thermoplastic polyester, ultra-maualuga molecular mamafa polyethylene, methylpentene polymer, vinyl alcohol copolymer, ma isi.

Fa'ainisinia fa'ainisinia fa'apitoa e vaevaeina i ituaiga feso'ota'iga ma e le'i feso'ota'i.O ituaiga faʻafesoʻotaʻi e aofia ai: polyamino bismaleamide, polytriazine, polyimide fesoʻotaʻi, faʻamaʻi vevela epoxy resin ma isi.O ituaiga e le fa'afeso'ota'i: polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) ma isi.

③Palasitika fa'apitoa

E masani lava ona faasino i palasitika o loʻo i ai galuega faʻapitoa ma e mafai ona faʻaaogaina i faʻaoga faʻapitoa e pei o vaalele ma vaalele.Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o fluoroplastics ma silicones o loʻo i ai le maualuga o le teteʻe o le vevela, faʻamaʻiina o le tagata lava ia ma isi galuega faʻapitoa, ma faʻamalosi palasitika ma palasitika foamed ei ai mea faʻapitoa e pei o le malosi maualuga ma le maualuga.O nei palasitika e aofia i le vaega o palasitika faʻapitoa.

a.Palasitika fa'amalosia:

E mafai ona vaevaeina meafaitino palasitika faʻamalosia i mea faʻapipiʻi (e pei o le palasitika calcium faʻamalosia palasitika), fiber (e pei o le fiber tioata poʻo le ie tioata faʻamalosia palasitika), ma le paʻu (e pei o le mica reinforced plastic) i foliga.E tusa ai ma meafaitino, e mafai ona vaevaeina i ie-e faʻamalosia palasitika (e pei o ieie faʻamalosia poʻo asbestos faʻamalosia palasitika), mea faʻapipiʻi minerale faʻatumu (e pei o le quartz poʻo le mica faʻatumu palasitika), ma fiber faʻamalosia palasitika (e pei o le carbon fiber faʻamalosia. palasitika).

e.Foam:

E mafai ona vaevaeina foam plastics i ni ituaiga se tolu: malo, semi-malosi ma fetuutuunai foam.E leai se fetuutuuna'i o le foam malo, ma o lona ma'a'a fa'amalosi e matua tele lava.E na'o le fa'aleaga pe a o'o i se tulaga fa'aletonu ma e le mafai ona toe fo'i i lona tulaga muamua pe a uma le fa'amamafa.Foam fetuutuunai e fetuutuunai, ma le maaa compression maualalo, ma e faigofie ona deform.Toe faʻafoʻisia le tulaga muamua, o le faʻaleagaina o totoe e laʻititi;o le fetuutuunai ma isi meatotino o le semi-malosi foam o loʻo i le va o foam malo ma vaivai.

Lua, fa'avasegaga fa'aletino ma kemisi

E tusa ai ma uiga eseese o le tino ma le kemisi o palasitika eseese, e mafai ona vaevaeina palasitika i ituaiga e lua: palasitika thermosetting ma palasitika thermoplastic.

(1) Temoplastika

Thermoplastics (Thermo plastics): e faasino i palasitika o le a liusuavai pe a uma ona faʻamafanafanaina, e mafai ona tafe i totonu o le faʻamaʻa pe a maeʻa le malulu, ona liusua lea pe a faʻamafanafanaina;fa'amafanafana ma fa'alili e mafai ona fa'aoga e maua ai suiga toe fa'afo'i (suavai ←→malo), ioe Le mea ua ta'ua o suiga fa'aletino.O mea fa'apitoa fa'atosina o lo'o fa'aauau pea ona fa'aoga le vevela i lalo ole 100°C.O le polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, ma le polystyrene o loʻo taʻua foi o palasitika faʻapitoa e fa.Thermoplastic plastics ua vaevaeina i hydrocarbons, vinyls ma genes polar, inisinia, cellulose ma isi ituaiga.E malū pe a vevela, ma malō pe a mālūlū.E mafai ona faʻamaluluina pea ma faʻamaʻaʻaina ma faatumauina se foliga patino.E solu i nisi solvents ma ei ai le meatotino o le liusuavai ma soluble.Thermoplastics o loʻo i ai le faʻaogaina lelei o le eletise, aemaise lava polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) e matua maualalo le maualalo o le dielectric tumau ma le dielectric gau.Mo mea faʻapipiʻi maualuga ma maualuga eletise.Thermoplastics e faigofie ona faʻaleleia ma faʻagasolo, ae e maualalo le vevela ma e faigofie ona fetolofi.Ole maualuga ole fetolofi e eseese ile uta, vevela ole siosiomaga, solvent, ma le susu.Ina ia faʻatoʻilaloina nei vaivaiga o thermoplastics ma faʻafeiloaʻi manaʻoga o talosaga i matata o tekinolosi avanoa ma le atinaʻeina o le malosi fou, o atunuʻu uma o loʻo atinaʻeina resini vevela e mafai ona faʻafefeteina, e pei o le polyether ether ketone (PEEK) ma le polyether sulfone ( PES)., Polyarylsulfone (PASU), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), ma isi mea faʻapipiʻi faʻaaogaina e pei o matrix resins e maualuga atu mea faʻainisinia ma vailaʻau faʻamalosi, e mafai ona faʻafefeteina ma faʻafefeteina, ma sili atu le malosi o le shear interlaminar nai lo resins epoxy.Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le faʻaaogaina o le polyether ether ketone e fai ma matrix resin ma carbon fiber e fai ai se mea tuʻufaʻatasia, o le malosi o le vaivai e sili atu nai lo le epoxy / carbon fiber.E lelei le tete'e a'afiaga, fetolofi lelei i le vevela potu, ma lelei processability.E mafai ona faʻaaogaina faʻaauau ile 240-270°C.O se mea e sili ona lelei e fa'agata ai le vevela.O mea tu'ufa'atasi e faia i le polyethersulfone e pei o le matrix resin ma le carbon fiber e maualuga le malosi ma le ma'a'a'a i le 200°C, ma e mafai ona fa'atumauina lelei a'afiaga i le -100°C;e le oona, e le mu, itiiti le asu, ma le fa'avevela.Ia, e faʻamoemoe e faʻaaogaina e avea o se vaega autu o se vaʻa vaalele, ma e mafai foi ona faʻapipiʻiina i se radome, ma isi.

O palasitika feso'ota'i formaldehyde e aofia ai palasitika phenolic, palasitika amino (e pei ole urea-formaldehyde-melamin-formaldehyde, ma isi).O isi palasitika feso'ota'i e aofia ai polyesters e le'o tumu, resini epoxy, ma resini phthalic diallyl.

(2) Temoseti palasitika

Palasitika Thermosetting e faasino i palasitika e mafai ona togafitia i lalo o le vevela poʻo isi tulaga pe iai ni uiga e le mafai ona faʻafefeteina (liusuavai), e pei o palasitika phenolic, palasitika epoxy, ma isi mea.A maeʻa le faʻaogaina o le vevela ma le faʻapipiʻiina, e faʻatupuina se oloa faʻamalolo ma e le mafai ona faʻafefeteina, ma o loʻo faʻafesoʻotaʻi le resin mole i totonu o se fausaga fesoʻotaʻiga e se fausaga laina.O le faateleina o le vevela o le a pala ma faʻaumatia.O palasitika fa'amasani masani e aofia ai phenolic, epoxy, amino, polyester unsaturated, furan, polysiloxane ma isi mea, fa'apea fo'i ma mea fou polydipropylene phthalate plastics.O loʻo ia i latou le lelei o le maualuga o le vevela ma le tetee i le faʻaleagaina pe a vevela.O le le lelei o le malosi faʻainisinia e masani lava e le maualuga, ae o le malosi faʻainisinia e mafai ona faʻaleleia e ala i le faʻaopoopoina o mea faʻatumu e fai ai mea faʻapipiʻi poʻo mea faʻapipiʻi.

Palasitika Thermosetting e faia i le phenolic resin e fai ma mea mata'utia, e pei o le phenolic molded plastic (e masani ona ta'ua o le Bakelite), e umi, mautu, ma e tetee atu i isi vaila'au se'i vagana le malosi malosi.E mafai ona faʻaopoopo mea faʻatumu eseese ma faʻaopoopoga e tusa ai ma faʻaoga eseese ma manaʻoga.Mo ituaiga e manaʻomia ai le maualuga o le faʻaogaina o le insulation, e mafai ona faʻaaogaina le mica poʻo le fiber tioata e fai ma faʻatumu;mo ituaiga e manaʻomia ai le vevela, asbestos poʻo isi mea faʻapipiʻi vevela e mafai ona faʻaaogaina;mo ituaiga e mana'omia le tete'e atu i le masi'i, e mafai ona fa'aogaina filo po'o pa'u talafeagai e fai ma fa'atumu Ma nisi o mea fa'amalosi e fai ai mea malō.E le gata i lea, o resini phenolic ua suia e pei o le aniline, epoxy, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, ma le polyvinyl acetal e mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina e faʻafetaui ai manaʻoga o talosaga eseese.E mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina resini phenolic e fai ai laminates phenolic, o loʻo faʻaalia i le maualuga o le malosi faʻainisinia, lelei eletise eletise, faʻamaʻi faʻafefe, ma faigofie le gaioiga.E fa'aaogaina lautele i masini eletise eletise maualalo.

Aminoplasts e aofia ai urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde, urea melamine formaldehyde ma isi.O lo'o ia i latou le lelei o le maaa, tete'e masi, lanu, translucent, ma isi. Fa'aopoopo mea lanu e mafai ona faia i oloa felanulanua'i, e masani ona ta'ua o le iasepi eletise.Ona e tetee i le suauu ma e le afaina i le vaivai alkalis ma organic solvents (ae le o acid resistant), e mafai ona faaaoga i le 70 ° C mo se taimi umi, ma e mafai ona tetee atu i le 110 i le 120 ° C i se taimi puupuu, ma e mafai. fa'aaoga i oloa eletise.Melamine-formaldehyde palasitika e sili atu le maaa nai lo le palasitika urea-formaldehyde, ma e sili atu le faʻafefe o le vai, faʻafefe vevela, ma le faʻafefe.E mafai ona faʻaaogaina e avea o se mea faʻapipiʻi faʻafefe.

E tele ituaiga palasitika thermosetting e faia i le epoxy resin e avea ma mea autu, e tusa ma le 90% e faʻavae i le bisphenol A epoxy resin.O loʻo i ai le faʻapipiʻi sili ona lelei, faʻaogaina o le eletise, faʻafefe vevela ma le faʻamautuina o vailaʻau, faʻaitiitia le faʻaitiitia ma le faʻaogaina o le vai, ma le malosi faʻainisinia lelei.

E mafai ona faia uma le polyester unsaturated ma epoxy resin i le FRP, lea e sili atu le malosi faʻainisinia.Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le fiber tioata faʻamalosia palasitika faia i le polyester unsaturated e iai mea faʻainisinia lelei ma maualalo le mamafa (naʻo le 1/5 i le 1/4 o le sila, 1/2 o le alumini), ma e faigofie ona faʻaogaina i vaega eletise eseese.O mea tau eletise ma masini o palasitika e faia i le dipropylene phthalate resin e sili atu nai lo phenolic ma amino thermosetting plastics.E maualalo le hygroscopicity, mautu le tele o oloa, lelei le faʻatinoina o galuega, acid ma alkali tetee, vai vai ma nisi solvents organic.O le faʻapipiʻi faʻapipiʻi e talafeagai mo le gaosiga o vaega faʻatasi ma le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave, faʻafefeteina o le vevela ma le faʻafefe maualuga.E masani lava, e mafai ona faʻaaogaina mo se taimi umi i le vevela o le -60 ~ 180 ℃, ma le maualuga o le vevela e mafai ona oʻo atu i le F i le H grade, lea e maualuga atu nai lo le vevela o le phenolic ma amino plastics.

Silicone plastics i foliga o le polysiloxane structure e faʻaaogaina lautele i mea tau eletise ma eletise eletise.Silicone laminated plastics e tele lava ina faʻamalosia i ie tioata;silicone molded plastics e tele lava ina tumu i filo tioata ma asbestos, lea e faʻaaogaina e gaosia ai vaega e faʻafefe i le maualuga o le vevela, maualuga taimi poʻo afi faʻafefe, mea eletise, ma mea faʻaeletoroni.O lenei ituaiga palasitika e faʻaalia i le maualalo o le dielectric tumau ma le tgδ tau, ma e itiiti le aʻafia i taimi.E fa'aaogaina i le eletise ma eletise eletise e tetee atu ai i le corona ma arcs.E tusa lava pe o le alu e mafua ai le pala, o le oloa o le silicon dioxide nai lo le conductive carbon black..O lenei ituaiga o meafaitino e mataʻina le teteʻeina o le vevela ma e mafai ona faʻaaogaina pea ile 250°C.O le faʻaletonu autu o le polysilicone o le maualalo o le malosi faʻainisinia, maualalo le faʻapipiʻiina ma le le lelei o le suauʻu.E tele polymers silicone ua faʻaleleia ua atiaʻe, e pei o polyester modified silicone plastics ma ua faʻaaogaina i tekinolosi eletise.O nisi palasitika o palasitika vevela ma palasitika thermosetting.Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le polyvinyl chloride e masani lava o se thermoplastic.Ua fausia e Iapani se ituaiga fou o le polyvinyl chloride vai e faʻanofoa ma e iai le vevela o le 60 i le 140°C.O se palasitika e ta'ua o le Lundex i le Iunaite Setete o lo'o iai uma mea e gaosia ai le vevela, ma mea fa'aletino o palasitika thermosetting.

① Palasitika hydrocarbon.

O se palasitika e le o polar, lea e vaevaeina i tioata ma e le o ni tioata.Palasitika hydrocarbon tioata e aofia ai polyethylene, polypropylene, ma isi, ma palasitika hydrocarbon e le o ni tioata e aofia ai polystyrene, ma isi.

②Vinyl palasitika o loʻo i ai polar genes.

Vagana ai mo fluoroplastics, o le tele oi latou o tino e le o ni tioata manino, e aofia ai le polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl acetate, ma isi. O le tele o monomers vinyl e mafai ona polymerized ma catalysts radical.

③Palasitika inisinia vevela.

E masani ona aofia ai le polyoxymethylene, polyamide, polycarbonate, ABS, polyphenylene ether, polyethylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, ma isi Polytetrafluoroethylene.O le polypropylene ua suia, ma isi mea faapena o loʻo aofia ai foi i lenei vaega.

④ Palasitika cellulose Thermoplastic.

E masani ona aofia ai le cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellophane, cellophane ma isi.

E mafai ona matou fa'aogaina mea palasitika uma i luga.
I lalo o tulaga masani, o meaʻai-grade PP ma fomaʻi-grade PP e faʻaaogaina mo oloa tutusasipuni. O le paipae faia i mea HDPE, ma lefaagaau su'esu'ee masani ona faia i vasega faafomai PP po o mea PS.E tele lava a matou oloa, faʻaaogaina mea eseese, aua o matou alimufai, toetoe lava o oloa palasitika uma e mafai ona gaosia